Can STES improve wind power integration in Heilongjiang?

Additional wind power integration mainly occurred in winter, and the wind speed in Heilongjiang was relatively high from late autumn to early spring . Therefore, STES in DH has considerable potential for increasing the integration of wind power generation. Fig. 12.

What is the energy structure of Heilongjiang?

The energy structure of Heilongjiang is shown in Fig. 2. The total primary energy supply was 994.4 TWh, of which coal accounted for 77.2 % of the total. The installed capacities for thermal, hydro, wind, and solar power were 24.2, 1.1, 6.9, and 3.2 GW, respectively.

Where is Heilongjiang located?

Heilongjiang is a northeastern province of China (Fig. 1). It has a total area of 473, 000 km 2 and a population density of 67 people/km 2. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2020 was 5700 €. The energy structure of Heilongjiang is shown in Fig. 2.

How are power generation technologies derived from the China Energy Statistical Yearbook?

The capacities and power generation of different power generation technologies were obtained from the China Electricity Statistical Yearbook . The fossil fuel consumption in the thermal power and DH sectors was derived from the China Energy Statistical Yearbook .

Can STES improve wind and solar power integration?

The wind and solar power curtailments were reduced by 10 % and 50 %, respectively. Additional wind power integration occurred mainly in winter, which was the high-wind speed period, indicating that STES in the DH has considerable potential for increasing the degree of wind power generation integration.

What is the optimal penetration level for wind and solar power generation?

The 2050 RE scenario was determined via the Pareto optimization of different wind and solar power combinations with the minimum total annual cost and CO 2 emissions as the optimization objectives. The optimal penetration levels were found to be 40 % and 30 % for wind and solar power generation penetration, respectively.